66 rounds and $675m in August 2026, below the $2.19bn average month of the preceding year.

Section 1 The month in figures

Every figure on this page comes from DefiLlama's funding rounds database and is computed by the same rules in every issue. Amounts are over the 56 rounds with a disclosed figure; counts are over all 66.

66Rounds · vs 67.2 (12-month average)
$675mCapital raised · vs $2.19bn (12-month average)
$1.0mMedian round · vs $7.1m (12-month average)
$270mLargest round · 40% of the month
56Amounts disclosed · of 66 rounds

Section 2 What the market is doing

A single month turns on whether one large round happened to close in it. The line through the bars is the twelve-month average, and it is the one to read for direction. It stands at $2.09bn a month, above the $1.97bn it read at the start of this window.

Capital raised and rounds announced each month, five years0$2bn$4bn$6bnSeptember 2021 · $3.22bn raised across 113 roundsOctober 2021 · $3.75bn raised across 132 roundsNovember 2021 · $7.08bn raised across 140 roundsDecember 2021 · $3.66bn raised across 149 roundsJanuary 2022 · $2.90bn raised across 30 roundsFebruary 2022 · $2.81bn raised across 44 roundsMarch 2022 · $3.71bn raised across 69 roundsApril 2022 · $2.24bn raised across 65 roundsMay 2022 · $3.05bn raised across 74 roundsJune 2022 · $1.30bn raised across 53 roundsJuly 2022 · $994m raised across 52 roundsAugust 2022 · $1.16bn raised across 69 roundsSeptember 2022 · $1.61bn raised across 84 roundsOctober 2022 · $1.15bn raised across 84 roundsNovember 2022 · $1.27bn raised across 75 roundsDecember 2022 · $761m raised across 52 roundsJanuary 2023 · $587m raised across 69 roundsFebruary 2023 · $878m raised across 94 roundsMarch 2023 · $793m raised across 68 roundsApril 2023 · $550m raised across 61 roundsMay 2023 · $626m raised across 66 roundsJune 2023 · $350m raised across 53 roundsJuly 2023 · $460m raised across 51 roundsAugust 2023 · $276m raised across 44 roundsSeptember 2023 · $392m raised across 59 roundsOctober 2023 · $344m raised across 56 roundsNovember 2023 · $1.39bn raised across 70 roundsDecember 2023 · $587m raised across 80 roundsJanuary 2024 · $714m raised across 83 roundsFebruary 2024 · $552m raised across 84 roundsMarch 2024 · $973m raised across 113 roundsApril 2024 · $954m raised across 81 roundsMay 2024 · $798m raised across 77 roundsJune 2024 · $483m raised across 55 roundsJuly 2024 · $553m raised across 73 roundsAugust 2024 · $642m raised across 72 roundsSeptember 2024 · $659m raised across 81 roundsOctober 2024 · $857m raised across 88 roundsNovember 2024 · $842m raised across 92 roundsDecember 2024 · $1.58bn raised across 83 roundsJanuary 2025 · $1.27bn raised across 85 roundsFebruary 2025 · $1.02bn raised across 81 roundsMarch 2025 · $3.56bn raised across 85 roundsApril 2025 · $1.40bn raised across 64 roundsMay 2025 · $629m raised across 55 roundsJune 2025 · $2.52bn raised across 72 roundsJuly 2025 · $2.67bn raised across 69 roundsAugust 2025 · $1.91bn raised across 73 roundsSeptember 2025 · $3.25bn raised across 77 roundsOctober 2025 · $3.89bn raised across 91 roundsNovember 2025 · $2.60bn raised across 65 roundsDecember 2025 · $815m raised across 71 roundsJanuary 2026 · $1.50bn raised across 64 roundsFebruary 2026 · $895m raised across 52 roundsMarch 2026 · $2.56bn raised across 68 roundsApril 2026 · $1.81bn raised across 60 roundsMay 2026 · $2.53bn raised across 74 roundsJune 2026 · $2.42bn raised across 53 roundsJuly 2026 · $2.14bn raised across 59 roundsAugust 2026 · $675m raised across 66 roundsCAPITAL RAISED PER MONTH2022202320242025202604080120September 2021 · 113 rounds announced, $3.22bn raisedOctober 2021 · 132 rounds announced, $3.75bn raisedNovember 2021 · 140 rounds announced, $7.08bn raisedDecember 2021 · 149 rounds announced, $3.66bn raisedJanuary 2022 · 30 rounds announced, $2.90bn raisedFebruary 2022 · 44 rounds announced, $2.81bn raisedMarch 2022 · 69 rounds announced, $3.71bn raisedApril 2022 · 65 rounds announced, $2.24bn raisedMay 2022 · 74 rounds announced, $3.05bn raisedJune 2022 · 53 rounds announced, $1.30bn raisedJuly 2022 · 52 rounds announced, $994m raisedAugust 2022 · 69 rounds announced, $1.16bn raisedSeptember 2022 · 84 rounds announced, $1.61bn raisedOctober 2022 · 84 rounds announced, $1.15bn raisedNovember 2022 · 75 rounds announced, $1.27bn raisedDecember 2022 · 52 rounds announced, $761m raisedJanuary 2023 · 69 rounds announced, $587m raisedFebruary 2023 · 94 rounds announced, $878m raisedMarch 2023 · 68 rounds announced, $793m raisedApril 2023 · 61 rounds announced, $550m raisedMay 2023 · 66 rounds announced, $626m raisedJune 2023 · 53 rounds announced, $350m raisedJuly 2023 · 51 rounds announced, $460m raisedAugust 2023 · 44 rounds announced, $276m raisedSeptember 2023 · 59 rounds announced, $392m raisedOctober 2023 · 56 rounds announced, $344m raisedNovember 2023 · 70 rounds announced, $1.39bn raisedDecember 2023 · 80 rounds announced, $587m raisedJanuary 2024 · 83 rounds announced, $714m raisedFebruary 2024 · 84 rounds announced, $552m raisedMarch 2024 · 113 rounds announced, $973m raisedApril 2024 · 81 rounds announced, $954m raisedMay 2024 · 77 rounds announced, $798m raisedJune 2024 · 55 rounds announced, $483m raisedJuly 2024 · 73 rounds announced, $553m raisedAugust 2024 · 72 rounds announced, $642m raisedSeptember 2024 · 81 rounds announced, $659m raisedOctober 2024 · 88 rounds announced, $857m raisedNovember 2024 · 92 rounds announced, $842m raisedDecember 2024 · 83 rounds announced, $1.58bn raisedJanuary 2025 · 85 rounds announced, $1.27bn raisedFebruary 2025 · 81 rounds announced, $1.02bn raisedMarch 2025 · 85 rounds announced, $3.56bn raisedApril 2025 · 64 rounds announced, $1.40bn raisedMay 2025 · 55 rounds announced, $629m raisedJune 2025 · 72 rounds announced, $2.52bn raisedJuly 2025 · 69 rounds announced, $2.67bn raisedAugust 2025 · 73 rounds announced, $1.91bn raisedSeptember 2025 · 77 rounds announced, $3.25bn raisedOctober 2025 · 91 rounds announced, $3.89bn raisedNovember 2025 · 65 rounds announced, $2.60bn raisedDecember 2025 · 71 rounds announced, $815m raisedJanuary 2026 · 64 rounds announced, $1.50bn raisedFebruary 2026 · 52 rounds announced, $895m raisedMarch 2026 · 68 rounds announced, $2.56bn raisedApril 2026 · 60 rounds announced, $1.81bn raisedMay 2026 · 74 rounds announced, $2.53bn raisedJune 2026 · 53 rounds announced, $2.42bn raisedJuly 2026 · 59 rounds announced, $2.14bn raisedAugust 2026 · 66 rounds announced, $675m raisedROUNDS ANNOUNCED PER MONTH20222023202420252026a month12-month average
Capital raised and rounds announced each month for five years, with the twelve-month average drawn through them. The month this issue covers is marked.

Fundraising is seasonal, so August is set against August in earlier years as well as against the months either side of it. Of the eight on record, this one ranks 4th by capital raised; the largest was 2021 at $3.23bn.

This month against the same month in earlier years0$1bn$2bn$3bnAugust 2019 · $197m across 21 rounds$197m201921 roundsAugust 2020 · $425m across 30 rounds$425m202030 roundsAugust 2021 · $3.23bn across 82 rounds$3.23bn202182 roundsAugust 2022 · $1.16bn across 69 rounds$1.16bn202269 roundsAugust 2023 · $276m across 44 rounds$276m202344 roundsAugust 2024 · $642m across 72 rounds$642m202472 roundsAugust 2025 · $1.91bn across 73 rounds$1.91bn202573 roundsAugust 2026 · $675m across 66 rounds$675m202666 rounds
August in each of the last 8 years the source covers. Capital raised above each bar, rounds announced below.

Section 3 Anomaly checks

Every issue runs the same checks over the month's rounds, looking for a single round dominating the month's total, many rounds announced at one identical amount, gaps in what the source discloses, deal count, capital and round size far from their recent norm, a sector or an investor running well above its own rate and the same round listed twice by the source. Anything a check finds is written up here. The checks and the levels that trigger them are listed under Method, so a reader can see what was looked for as well as what was found.

Nine anomalies found in August 2026. Each one below names what was measured and the figure that triggered it.

Repeated amounts. 25 rounds are recorded at an identical $0.50m. That is 45% of rounds with a disclosed figure. YZi Labs is named in 23 of them. A run of identical amounts is usually a cohort or programme announced together. The source records each participant as its own round and this report counts them the same way, so the round count and the median both include them.

Concentration. One round is 40% of the month. Ajaib Group raised $270m on 28 Aug. Without it the month is $405m across 65 rounds. A total that one deal dominates describes that deal, so both figures are reported and neither is presented alone.

Concentration. The five largest rounds are 73% of the month. Five of 56 rounds with a disclosed amount carry 73% of the capital.

Data recency. This month is reported close to the edge of the data. The latest round on record anywhere in the source is dated 03 Sep 2026, 3 days past the end of the month. Rounds are listed some days after they are announced and the largest tend to arrive last, so these figures are more likely to rise than fall.

Round size. The median round fell to $1.0m. Against $7.1m over the preceding twelve months. A median moves when the population changes, not only when prices do. Read it beside the round count and against any run of identical amounts this month.

Capital raised. Capital raised is 0.31x its twelve-month average. $675m against an average month of $2.19bn over the preceding year.

Investor activity. One investor led five or more rounds. YZi Labs led 25.

Sector activity. One sector ran above its own rate. Trading booked 8 rounds against a 2.3 monthly average.

Disclosure. 44% of rounds carry no stage. Round stage is taken from the source's own label. Rounds without one are excluded from the stage figures rather than assigned a stage.

Section 4 Where the capital concentrated

The largest round is 40% of the month's capital, the largest five 73%, the largest ten 87%. The steeper this curve runs, the more of the month sits in a few rounds.

Running share of the month's capital, rounds ranked largest first0%25%50%75%100%The largest round is 40% of the month's capital ($270m of $675m)40%largestThe top 5 carry 73% of the month's capital ($490m of $675m)73%top 5The top 10 carry 87% of the month's capital ($589m of $675m)87%top 101102030405056rounds, ranked largest first
Rounds ranked largest first; the curve is the running share of the month's capital. Markers at the largest round, the largest five and the largest ten.

Section 5 How large the rounds were

56 rounds carry a disclosed amount, running from $0.40m to $270m, with a median of $1.0m. The run of identical amounts this month stands as the tall column.

Every round with a disclosed amount, log scale$0.50m$1.0m$2.0m$5.0m$10m$20m$50m$100m$200mCatapult Trade · $0.40mStripChain · $0.40mAile · $0.50mAlloco · $0.50mCatapult Trade · $0.50mD0 · $0.50mDe1 · $0.50mElfomoFi · $0.50mFacto · $0.50mFinTax · $0.50mKravata · $0.50mLiquorice · $0.50mNara · $0.50mNeutral Trade · $0.50mNexroute · $0.50mNxos · $0.50mPouchers · $0.50mPrimus Labs · $0.50mRoostoo · $0.50mSmartX · $0.50mSpectrum · $0.50mSurgepay · $0.50mViFi Labs · $0.50mXHunt · $0.50mXStable · $0.50mZerodrift · $0.50mxAPI · $0.50mBLOX · $1.0mDAC Quantum Chain · $1.0mKiiChain · $1.0mMemebook · $1.0mUtopia · $1.0mBotanika · $1.5mTwyne · $2.0mCatapult Trade · $2.1mOro · $3.0mCatapult Trade · $3.6mChomp · $3.6mGAEA · $3.6mCity Protocol (formerly Cooking City) · $4.0mBundle · $5.5mUmia · $6.1mEntravel Group · $7.5mBeldex · $8.0mRiver Markets · $8.5mVangrid · $9.0mNeoSoul · $11mentropy.io · $14mHivemind Digital Group · $17mMoment · $22mSapiom · $35mJPYC · $38mYellow Card · $40mFasset · $68mRQD* Clearing · $74mAjaib Group · $270m25 roundsat $0.50m5 roundsat $1.0mmedian $1.0mlog scale · one dot is one round
One dot per round with a disclosed amount, on a log scale. Identical amounts stack, so a batch announced at one figure stands as a column.

Section 6 How much a round raises, by stage

Each band is the amount raised in the round, by stage, over the trailing twelve months. Twelve months is the window that holds a band steady when one month or one deal is unusual. Every stage row carries two counts: the rounds behind its band over those twelve months, and the rounds announced this month. The rust dots are those rounds, 25 of them, each placed at what it raised. The source records a stage for 25 of this month's 56 disclosed rounds. The remaining 31 are counted in every other figure on this page and carry no stage to place them on. Series A rose 42% to $17m on 87 rounds. Strategic rose 60% to $8.0m on 91 rounds.

Amount raised by stage, trailing twelve months$0.50m$2.0m$5.0m$20m$50m$200m$500mPre-Seed · middle half $1.5m to $3.5m · 45 rounds over twelve monthsPre-Seed · median $2.1m in the twelve months before, on 113 roundsPre-Seed · median $2.2m over the trailing twelve monthsPre-Seed round announced this month · $0.50mPre-Seed round announced this month · $5.5mPre-Seed45 rounds, 12m2 this month$2.2m+7% y/ySeed · middle half $3.0m to $8.3m · 148 rounds over twelve monthsSeed · median $4.5m in the twelve months before, on 220 roundsSeed · median $5.2m over the trailing twelve monthsSeed round announced this month · $0.50mSeed round announced this month · $1.0mSeed round announced this month · $1.0mSeed round announced this month · $1.0mSeed round announced this month · $2.0mSeed round announced this month · $8.5mSeed round announced this month · $9.0mSeed148 rounds, 12m7 this month$5.2m+16% y/ySeries A · middle half $9.8m to $29.3m · 87 rounds over twelve monthsSeries A · median $12m in the twelve months before, on 96 roundsSeries A · median $17m over the trailing twelve monthsSeries A round announced this month · $4.0mSeries A round announced this month · $11mSeries A round announced this month · $22mSeries A round announced this month · $35mSeries A87 rounds, 12m4 this month$17m+42% y/ySeries B · middle half $18.2m to $72.5m · 23 rounds over twelve monthsSeries B · median $37.5m in the twelve months before, on 32 roundsSeries B · median $40m over the trailing twelve monthsSeries B round announced this month · $38mSeries B23 rounds, 12m1 this month$40m+7% y/ySeries C+ · middle half $73.8m to $212m · 20 rounds over twelve monthsSeries C+ · median $112m over the trailing twelve monthsSeries C+ round announced this month · $68mSeries C+20 rounds, 12m1 this month$112mStrategic · middle half $4.0m to $20.5m · 91 rounds over twelve monthsStrategic · median $5.0m in the twelve months before, on 95 roundsStrategic · median $8.0m over the trailing twelve monthsStrategic round announced this month · $1.0mStrategic round announced this month · $3.0mStrategic round announced this month · $3.6mStrategic round announced this month · $17mStrategic round announced this month · $40mStrategic round announced this month · $270mStrategic91 rounds, 12m6 this month$8.0m+60% y/yToken sale · middle half $1.0m to $5.0m · 64 rounds over twelve monthsToken sale · median $3.0m in the twelve months before, on 67 roundsToken sale · median $2.8m over the trailing twelve monthsToken sale round announced this month · $0.40mToken sale round announced this month · $1.0mToken sale round announced this month · $3.6mToken sale round announced this month · $6.1mToken sale64 rounds, 12m4 this month$2.8m-8% y/ymiddle half of roundsmedian, trailing 12 months10th to 90th percentilemedian a year earlierone round announced this month
Amount raised in the round, by stage. Trailing twelve months to Aug 2026, on a log scale. The legend sits under the chart.

Section 7 Who led and who joined

Rounds led and rounds joined are counted separately over the trailing twelve months. An investor that leads sets the round's terms; one that joins takes them. YZi Labs led the most at 35, at a median led round of $0.50m.

Rounds led and rounds joined, trailing twelve months◀ rounds ledrounds joined ▶median ledYZi Labs led 35 rounds, median $0.50mYZi Labs joined 5 rounds without leading themYZi Labs355$0.50ma16z crypto led 20 rounds, median $13.9ma16z crypto joined 10 rounds without leading thema16z crypto2010$13.9mTether led 16 rounds, median $14mTether joined 4 rounds without leading themTether164$14mPantera Capital led 15 rounds, median $13.2mPantera Capital joined 4 rounds without leading themPantera Capital154$13.2mParadigm led 14 rounds, median $7.8mParadigm joined 3 rounds without leading themParadigm143$7.8mCoinbase Ventures led 12 rounds, median $5.0mCoinbase Ventures joined 51 rounds without leading themCoinbase Ventures1251$5.0mAnimoca Brands led 11 rounds, median $5.4mAnimoca Brands joined 19 rounds without leading themAnimoca Brands1119$5.4mDragonfly Capital led 9 rounds, median $34mDragonfly Capital joined 4 rounds without leading themDragonfly Capital94$34mCastle Island Ventures led 9 rounds, median $6.1mCastle Island Ventures joined 2 rounds without leading themCastle Island Ventures92$6.1mGalaxy Digital led 8 rounds, median $7.0mGalaxy Digital joined 9 rounds without leading themGalaxy Digital89$7.0mPolychain Capital led 6 rounds, median $11.9mPolychain Capital joined 5 rounds without leading themPolychain Capital65$11.9mBain Capital led 6 rounds, median $82mBain Capital6$82m
Trailing twelve months. The figure at right is the median size of the rounds that investor led.

Section 8 Which sectors were active

Each sector's count for the month against its own average month over the preceding year, so a large sector is not read as an active one. One sector ran at 2.5x that rate or more.

Deal count against each sector's own monthly average0481216DeFi · 13.9 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearDeFi · 12 rounds this month, $14.6m raisedDeFi-1.9Trading · 2.3 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearTrading · 8 rounds this month, $292m raisedTrading+5.7Payments · 6.4 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearPayments · 8 rounds this month, $30m raisedPayments+1.6AI · 5.8 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearAI · 7 rounds this month, $54.1m raisedAI+1.2Infrastructure · 5.4 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearInfrastructure · 4 rounds this month, $74.4m raisedInfrastructure-1.4DePIN · 1.4 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearDePIN · 3 rounds this month, $11.5m raisedDePIN+1.6Stablecoin Infrastructure · 1.4 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearStablecoin Infrastructure · 3 rounds this month, $41.5m raisedStablecoin Infrastructure+1.6L1 · 3.2 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearL1 · 3 rounds this month, $10m raisedL1-0.2Social Platform · 1.0 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearSocial Platform · 2 rounds this month, $4.6m raisedSocial Platform+1.0Banking · 2.0 rounds in an average month over the preceding yearBanking · 2 rounds this month, $68.5m raisedBanking0.0this monthits own average month over the preceding year
The month's deal count against that sector's own average month over the preceding year.

Section 9 The largest rounds

The six largest rounds of August 2026 by amount raised, ties broken alphabetically. 66 rounds were recorded in total, of which 56 disclosed an amount; the rest are counted in every figure on this page but are not listed individually. Each company description below is DefiLlama's own text, reproduced without edit.

Ajaib Group

Indonesian multi-asset investment platform providing access to equities, bonds, funds, crypto, stablecoins, commodities and FX, as well as payments, savings and institutional stablecoin settlement services

Raised$270m · 40% of the month
Stage / sectorStrategic · Trading
InvestorsSBI Holdings led

RQD* Clearing

RQD* Clearing is a technology-driven clearing and custody firm providing broker-dealers, investment advisers and financial institutions with infrastructure for accessing U.S. markets, while expanding into digital-asset custody and tokenized securities

Raised$74m · 11% of the month
Stage / sectorGrowth Equity · Infrastructure
InvestorsBain Capital led · Nyca Partners, ABN AMRO

Fasset

Fasset is a stablecoin-powered neobanking platform that provides individuals and businesses with accounts for holding, sending, spending, and investing across currencies and assets, using stablecoins as underlying settlement rails

Raised$68m · 10% of the month
Stage / sectorSeries C · Banking
InvestorsSBI Group led · Speedinvest

Yellow Card

Yellow Card is a stablecoin infrastructure provider offering payment, treasury, custody, fiat settlement, and USD account infrastructure for businesses across emerging markets

Raised$40m · 6% of the month
Stage / sectorStrategic · Stablecoin Infrastructure
InvestorsSC Ventures, Sony Innovation Fund, Polychain Capital, Blockchain Capital

JPYC

JPYC issues a Japanese yen-pegged stablecoin designed for yen-denominated digital payments and settlement. General Sector: Stablecoin

Raised$38m · 6% of the month
Stage / sectorSeries B-1 · Stablecoin
InvestorsAZ-COM Maruwa Holdings led

Sapiom

Sapiom provides production infrastructure for AI agents, including model routing, agent development and runtime infrastructure, and metered access to external tools and services

Raised$35m · 5% of the month
Stage / sectorSeries A · AI
InvestorsDragonfly Capital led · Accel, Gradient Ventures, Coinbase Ventures, Operator Collective and 5 more

Section 10 Method, thresholds and sources

Data by DefiLlama. This report is built on data published by DefiLlama, which maintains the funding rounds database it reads and makes it open. We thank them for that work: the round records, the amounts, the investor lists and the sector taxonomy behind every chart on this page are theirs, gathered and kept current at their cost. Anyone who wants the underlying records rather than our reading of them should go to defillama.com/raises, which is free to use and more detailed than any monthly summary. FinDaS adds the normalisation, the twelve-month baselines and the checks in Section 3, and nothing else.

defillama.com/raises

Section 3 is produced by the tests below and by nothing else. Each runs against every issue; a test that does not clear its threshold prints nothing. The thresholds are published here because a threshold a reader cannot see is indistinguishable from an opinion.

What is checkedIt is reported whenAug 2026
Largest round's share of the month≥ 30%reported
Largest five rounds' share≥ 60%reported
Rounds at one identical amount, as a share of disclosed rounds≥ 15% and ≥ 3 roundsreported
Rounds with no disclosed amount≥ 25%not reported
Rounds carrying a stage< 70%reported
Days the source reaches past the month end< 7 daysreported
Deal count against its trailing-12 monthly average≥ 1.25x or ≤ 0.75xnot reported
Capital against its trailing-12 monthly average≥ 2.00x or ≤ 0.50xreported
Month median against the trailing-12 median≥ 40% either wayreported
A sector's count against its own monthly average≥ 2.5x and ≥ +4 rounds, on a baseline of 1.5+reported
Rounds led by one investor inside the month≥ 5reported
One company listed twice with the same stage and amount≥ 1 in the monthnot reported

Series continuity. Issues up to and including March 2026 were compiled from Token Terminal and Crunchbase. The whole series has since been restated on DefiLlama alone so that figures are comparable across months.

How the figures are computed. Each round is counted once, in the month it was announced. Amounts are computed over rounds with a disclosed figure and counts over all rounds, and both denominators are stated wherever a figure is given. Round stage is normalised from the source's own label; rounds with no stage are excluded from the stage figures rather than assigned one. Medians and interquartile ranges are used throughout. Baselines never include the month they judge.

On valuation. Earlier issues reported a median round valuation. Fewer than one round in ten discloses one, so that median rested on a handful of observations and moved on sampling noise rather than on the market. It has been withdrawn.

Known bias. The source skews toward rounds with large disclosed investors and toward the United States. Largely unregistered token sales are under-represented. Rounds are listed some days after they are announced and the largest tend to arrive last, so a recent month is more likely to rise than fall.

Not investment advice. This report describes rounds that were announced and the ratios between them. Nothing in it is a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any asset. © FinDaS. Unauthorised reproduction or distribution, in whole or in part, is prohibited.